tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58768006227915114952012-02-16T19:39:26.175-08:00sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.comBlogger471100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-19834949027926914992008-03-07T21:39:00.000-08:002008-03-07T21:50:06.865-08:00PART ONE: Romanesque Art<br /><br />hat best completes the statement or answers the question.<br />1) Where can trumeau sculpture be found?<br />A) The choir<br />B) The portals<br />C) The ambulatory<br />D) The clerestory<br />E) The crossing<br /><br />2) Pilgrims were accommodated by the inclusion of ________.<br />A) a narthex<br />B) ambulatories and apsidal chapels<br />C) crypts and blind arcades<br />D) choirs and crossings<br />E) blind arcades<br /><br />3) Giselbertus’ ________.<br />A) did intricate enamels and engravings<br />B) won the Battle of Hastings<br />C) was a painter<br />D) was a metalworker<br />E) was known for his illuminated manuscripts<br /><br />4) Where can a blind arcade commonly be found?<br />A) Bays<br />B) Altar<br />C) Tympanum<br />D) Vaults<br />E) Triforium<br /><br />5) Where is sculpture commonly found in a Romanesque church?<br />A) Tympanum<br />B) Capitals<br />C) Jambs<br />D) Reliquary box<br />E) All of the above<br /><br />6) Where is the west facade in a Romanesque church?<br />A) The front entrance<br />B) The transept end<br />C) Apse end<br />D) At the crossing<br />E) The altar end<br /><br />7) Typically, what covers a Romanesque nave?<br />A) Pendentives<br />B) Wooden roof<br />C) Concrete dome<br />D) Barrel vault<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />8) Which is not characteristic of Romanesque architecture?<br />A) Plain facade<br />B) Load-bearing walls<br />C) Apsidal chapels and ambulatories<br />D) Extremely tall naves<br />E) Twin bell towers on the west facade<br /><br />9) The Romanesque period began after the year<br />A) 900<br />B) 1000<br />C) 1200<br />D) 1300<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />10) Which of the following told the story of the Battle of Hastings?<br />A) The tympanum at Durham<br />B) The Bayeux Tapestry<br />C) In Hildegard of Bingen’s book, The Book of Divine Works<br />D) A manuscript illumination by Verdun<br />E) The trumeau sculpture at Durham<br /><br />PART TWO: GOTHIC ART<br /><br /><br />1) Which is a common feature of Gothic?<br />A) Rose windows<br />B) Abbey churches in the countryside<br />C) Tympanums with a subject of a stern Last Judgment<br />D) Horizontal emphasis<br />E) Plain, austere exteriors<br /><br />2) Who abandoned complex symbolism and painted frescos with an understandable<br />three-dimensional reality?<br />A) Giotto<br />B) Duccio<br />C) The Limbourg Brothers<br />D) Lorenzetti<br />E) Ghiberti<br /><br />3) Most large Gothic churches in western Europe were built with what type of plan?<br />A) Central<br />B) Hypostyle<br />C) Latin cross<br />D) Greek cross<br />E) Quatrefoil<br /><br />4) Where did Gothic architecture originate?<br />A) Paris<br />B) Germany<br />C) Rome<br />D) London<br />E) Ravenna<br /><br />5) Who had the first Gothic church built?<br />A) Abbot Suger<br />B) Louis V<br />C) The pope<br />D) Charlemagne<br />E) St. Denis<br /><br />6) Which is not a characteristic of Gothic?<br />A) Pointed arches<br />B) Low, dark naves<br />C) Churches in the city<br />D) Flying buttresses<br />E) Large expanses of colored glass<br /><br />7) Who won the competition for the doors to the Florentine Baptistery?<br />A) Sluter<br />B) Brunelleschi<br />C) Suger<br />D) Pisano<br />E) Ghiberti<br /><br /><br />8) What did Gothic builders develop to stabilize their naves?<br />A) Pendentives<br />B) Tracery<br />C) Portals<br />D) Lancets<br />E) Flying buttresses<br /><br />9) Ghiberti’s Sacrifice of Isaac was done in ________.<br />A) fresco<br />B) tempera<br />C) bronze<br />D) stained glass<br />E) carved stone<br /><br />10) Gothic cathedrals were often dedicated to ________.<br />A) St. Denis<br />B) the Virgin Mary<br />C) the Last Judgment<br />D) Christ the stern judge<br />E) St. Peter<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-1983494902792691499?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-26686435420337432362008-03-07T21:35:00.000-08:002008-03-07T21:36:19.568-08:00Discuss the Bayeux Tapestry. What story is being told and from whose point of view? How does the story reflect Romanesque values? Describe the style of drawing and the colors used.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-2668643542033743236?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-42926349492992318042008-03-07T21:34:00.000-08:002008-03-07T21:35:12.062-08:00What kinds of images are often found in a Romanesque tympanum? What was the intended effect on the viewer of Giselbertus' Last Judgment tympanum?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-4292634949299231804?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-41095073716579366742008-03-07T21:30:00.000-08:002008-03-07T21:31:05.377-08:00What were the Crusades? What impact did they have on Europe?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-4109507371657936674?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-52218813057251302922008-03-07T21:28:00.000-08:002008-03-07T21:29:52.857-08:00How did the Romanesque church evolve from the Early Christian basilica? What features were added or changed?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-5221881305725130292?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-7020722875062075372008-03-07T21:25:00.000-08:002008-03-07T21:28:19.552-08:00What is a pilgrimage church? How and why did they develop?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-702072287506207537?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-8067488591842793872008-02-29T21:21:00.000-08:002008-02-29T21:28:09.097-08:00<span style="font-weight:bold;">Week 9 </span><br /><br />Quiz on Early Christian, Byzantine and Early Medieval Art. Two quizzes with ten questions each. Each question ultimately counts as 5 rather than 10.<br /><br />Presentation of "art" project on any period from Medieval back to a style we have covered already.<br /><br />Introduction of Romanesque and Gothic Art<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Week 10 FINAL CLASS due to holi</span>day<br /><br />Quiz on Romanesque and Gothic Art<br /><br />Presentation of "art" project on any period we have studied in this class.<br /><br />After that, we are done.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Keep checking the blog for questions and class information.<br /></span><br />Off you go.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-806748859184279387?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-61580504263685503602008-02-29T21:14:00.000-08:002008-02-29T21:29:24.644-08:00Early Christian-Byzantine<br /><br />1) What type of church was most popular in the Byzantine Empire?<br />A) One with a dome and a vertical focus<br />B) The basilica-plan<br />C) One with a long rectangular nave and side aisles<br />D) One based on the plan of Old St. Peter’s<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />2) Other than Constantinople, where can Byzantine art most commonly be seen?<br />A) Paris<br />B) Rome<br />C) Ravenna<br />D) Athens<br />E) All of the above<br /><br />3) What is an entrance foyer in an Early Christian church called?<br />A) Clerestory<br />B) Narthex<br />C) Basilica<br />D) Groin vault<br />E) Pendentive<br /><br />4) What is not seen on the side of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus?<br />A) Scenes from the life of Junius Bassus<br />B) Bas relief sculpture<br />C) Old Testament scenes<br />D) New Testament scenes<br />E) All of the above are seen.<br /><br />5) Which is true of S. Apollinare in Classe’s walls above the nave arcade?<br />A) They have three-dimensional sculpture.<br />B) They were left plain.<br />C) They have carved screens in front of galleries.<br />D) They have mosaics.<br />E) They have frescoes.<br /><br />6) In the mosaic, Emperor Justinian and His Attendants, what is Justinian demonstrating?<br />A) He is the head of the church.<br />B) He is the head of the state.<br />C) He is the head of the Western Empire.<br />D) He is the head of the Byzantine Empire.<br />E) All of the above are true.<br /><br />7) Under the patronage of which Roman emperor was Christianity first allowed to be worshipped<br />openly?<br />A) Theodoric<br />B) Trajan<br />C) Justinian<br />D) Constantine<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />8) Which period is characterized by flat two-dimensional space often using patterns of glittering<br />mosaics with gold backgrounds?<br />A) Egyptian<br />B) Greek<br />C) Roman<br />D) Byzantine<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />9) Most typically, how were the exterior of Early Christian churches designed?<br />A) Were left plain<br />B) Covered with bas relief carving<br />C) Covered with three-dimensional sculpture<br />D) Had frescoes<br />E) Covered with mosaic decoration<br /><br />10) Who conquered the Byzantine Empire?<br />A) Constantine<br />B) Octavius<br />C) Theodoric<br />D) The Turks<br />E) Justinian<br /><br />Early Medieval Art<br /><br />1) The Gero Crucifix is an example of which style?<br />A) Hiberno-Saxon<br />B) Celtic-Germanic<br />C) Hiberno-Germanic<br />D) Ottonian<br />E) Carolingian<br /><br />2) Who was Odo of Metz?<br />A) Charlemagne’s son<br />B) Architect of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne<br />C) Charlemagne’s grandson<br />D) Son of Otto I<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />3) Where was the Sutton Hoo purse cover found?<br />A) At a ship burial<br />B) At a palace ruin<br />C) At a temple crypt<br />D) At a monastery treasury<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />4) Where was Charlemagne’s capital?<br />A) Westphalia<br />B) Aachen<br />C) Ravenna<br />D) Paris<br />E) Rome<br /><br />5) Which was not part of Charlemagne’s empire?<br />A) Belgium and Holland<br />B) Germany<br />C) France<br />D) Northern Spain and northern Italy<br />E) All of the above were part of Charlemagne’s empire.<br /><br />6) What is the term for the U-shaped corridor in the apse end of a church?<br />A) Crossing<br />B) Ambulatory<br />C) Narthex<br />D) Transept<br />E) Circulaneum<br /><br />7) Where can westwork be found?<br />A) Along the arcade<br />B) In the scriptorium<br />C) Along the transept<br />D) In the crypt<br />E) At the entrance of a church<br /><br />8) Which partially inspired Charlemagne’s palace chapel?<br />A) S. Vitale<br />B) The Abbey Church at Corvey, Westphalia<br />C) Old St. Peter’s basilica<br />D) Hagia Sophia<br />E) S. Apollinare in Classe<br /><br />9) What was the chief medium of the Celtic-Germanic animal style?<br />A) Leatherwork<br />B) Carved stone<br />C) Architecture<br />D) Metalwork<br />E) Pottery<br /><br />10) What does Hibernian mean?<br />A) German B) French C) Russian D) Irish E) English<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">DON'T FOGET YOUR BLOG QUESTIONS!!!</span><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-6158050426368550360?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-57834122886350790962008-02-29T21:05:00.000-08:002008-02-29T21:07:13.326-08:00How did Muslim, Byzantine and Spanish influences each impact the design of the Great Mosque at Cordova?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-5783412288635079096?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-39371036601724497002008-02-29T21:04:00.000-08:002008-02-29T21:05:30.411-08:00Compare the figure on the cover of the Lindau Gospels with that of the Gero Crucifix. How and why are they different?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-3937103660172449700?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-37232246909817272062008-02-29T21:03:00.000-08:002008-02-29T21:04:45.146-08:00Describe the influences and design of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-3723224690981727206?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-39899595305337984362008-02-29T21:02:00.000-08:002008-02-29T21:03:37.461-08:00Describe Charlemagne's contributions to art, architecture and education.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-3989959530533798436?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-39334210469962381722008-02-29T20:50:00.000-08:002008-02-29T21:02:29.550-08:00What are the characteristics of animal style and who produced it?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-3933421046996238172?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-85019887072679507642008-02-23T09:21:00.000-08:002008-02-23T09:24:24.544-08:00PART I: ETRUSCAN ART<br /><br />1) Which of the following is true of Etruscan temples?<br />A) the podium was usually no wider than the cella.<br />B) They had a stone foundation; the buildings themselves were mostly built of wood.<br />C) They had a deep porch.<br />D) the cella was generally divided into three compartments.<br />E) All of the above are true.<br /><br />2) To which culture is the Etruscan alphabet linked?<br />A) Sumerians<br />B) Romans<br />C) Greeks<br />D) Minoans<br />E) Egyptians<br /><br />3) Where does much of our information about Etruscan art originate?<br />A) From examining the many Etruscan homes and temples<br />B) From reading Sumerian texts about the Etruscans<br />C) From reading Etruscan texts<br />D) From Roman writings and Etruscan tombs<br />E) All of the above<br /><br />4) What material was used to make the She -Wolf sculpture?<br />A) Carved granite<br />B) Cast bronze<br />C) Carved marble<br />D) Terra-cotta<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />5) Which culture felt the most influence on its architecture from Etruscan architecture?<br />A) Romans<br />B) Near Eastern<br />C) Greeks<br />D) Villanovans<br />E) Mycenaeans<br /><br />6) Where is the wall painting Musician and Two Dancers located?<br />A) In a treasury<br />B) In a tomb<br />C) In a fortress<br />D) In a palace<br />E) In a temple<br /><br />7) When were the Etruscans at the peak of their power?<br />A) 6th-5th centuries BCE<br />B) 4th-3rd centuries BCE<br />C) 7th-6th centuries BCE<br />D) 8th-7th centuries BCE<br />E) 5th-4th centuries BCE<br /><br />8) Which is true of Etruscan temples?<br />A) They were built level with the ground and had no need for steps.<br />B) They had steps on two sides only.<br />C) They had steps on the south side only.<br />D) They had steps on all four sides, like Greek temples.<br /><br />9) The flowering of Etruscan civilization coincides with which period of Greek civilization?<br />A) Pre-Hellenistic<br />B) Archaic<br />C) Classical<br />D) Hellenistic<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />10) Life-sized reclining terra-cotta figures atop sarcophagi are typical of which culture?<br />A) Egyptian<br />B) Assyrian<br />C) Greek<br />D) Mycenaean<br />E) Etruscan<br /><br />PART II: ROMAN ART<br /><br />1) Wax death masks led to the development of what?<br />A) Narrative reliefs<br />B) The advent of bronze casting<br />C) Triumphal arches<br />D) Wall mosaics<br />E) Portrait sculpture<br /><br />2) Which of the following does not result from the arch?<br />A) Barrel vault<br />B) Groin vault<br />C) Apse<br />D) Dome<br />E) Lintel<br /><br />3) Which of the following is not Roman?<br />A) The Pantheon<br />B) Widespread use of concrete<br />C) Widespread use of vaults<br />D) The Parthenon<br />E) Civic buildings such as baths, colosseums, aqueducts and forums<br /><br />4) Which of the following civilizations produced realistic portrait busts?<br />A) Archaic Greek<br />B) Roman<br />C) Hellenistic<br />D) Byzantine<br />E) Classical Greek<br />5) Which of the following sculptures was done on a colossal scale?<br />A) Faustina the Younger<br />B) Augustus from Primaporta<br />C) Philippus the Arab<br />D) Constantine the Great<br />E) Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius<br /><br />6) Which is true of the Pantheon?<br />A) It had a dome atop a drum.<br />B) It was a form of basilica.<br />C) It had an apse on each end.<br />D) It supported a dome with pendentives.<br />E) It was barrel vaulted.<br /><br />7) What does the Column of Trajan illustrate?<br />A) The Roman military campaign against the Dacians<br />B) Emperor Trajan’s life story, from birth until death<br />C) The Roman victory in the Olympic games against the Greeks<br />D) General Trajan’s political campaign to become emperor<br />E) Emperor Trajan’s military career, from his early political career until his death<br /><br />8) Which civilization first made widespread use of concrete as a building material?<br />A) Byzantine<br />B) Roman<br />C) Greek<br />D) Egyptian<br />E) Early Christian<br /><br />9) Which is true of the Colosseum?<br />A) It had decorative engaged columns and pilasters on its facade.<br />B) It was covered with a huge barrel vault.<br />C) It was covered with a huge dome.<br />D) It used primarily post-and-lintel construction.<br />E) It used pendentives.<br /><br />10) What is the term for the round extension at the end of the Roman basilica hall?<br />A) Bay<br />B) Atrium<br />C) Apse<br />D) Narthex<br />E) Cella<br /><br />BONUS: Draw and name the five classical orders, giving their society of origin<br /><br />DON'T FOGET THE BLOG QUESTIONS AND YOUR PRESENTATIONS FOR CLASS!<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-8501988707267950764?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-19797666977608499362008-02-23T09:00:00.000-08:002008-02-23T09:01:35.091-08:00Explain the iconoclastic controversy. Why were abstract symbols widely used?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-1979766697760849936?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-48704232275490482642008-02-23T08:59:00.000-08:002008-02-23T09:00:11.454-08:00Why did the role of sculpture diminish during the Early Christian period? Why did sculpture become physically smaller?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-4870423227549048264?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-38889146916706046242008-02-23T08:57:00.000-08:002008-02-23T08:58:50.731-08:00Compare basilica-plan with central-plan churches. Cite examples of each.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-3888914691670604624?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-59074074365074941192008-02-23T08:56:00.000-08:002008-02-23T08:57:20.190-08:00What classical architecture influenced the Early Christian basilica and how did it evolve?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-5907407436507494119?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-50664139104078799262008-02-23T08:52:00.000-08:002008-02-23T08:55:55.608-08:00Describe Early Christian sculpture. How and why did the Roman style of depicting man differ from that of Early Christian?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-5066413910407879926?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-39083892859793569512008-02-15T13:37:00.000-08:002008-02-15T13:40:44.807-08:00Etruscan: 5. Describe relationships and influences on the art and architecture between styles of the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans.<br /><br />Roman: 5. How did the scope of the Roaman architectural needs differ from that of the Greeks?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-3908389285979356951?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-58748718196760840552008-02-15T13:35:00.000-08:002008-02-15T13:37:45.336-08:00Etruscan: 4.Describe Etruscan tombs. How do the murals resemble murals of other cultures? Vases from what other cultures were found inside?<br /><br />Roman: 4. What are the two most significant contributions to architecture made by Romans?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-5874871819676084055?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-36121585493759472432008-02-15T13:32:00.000-08:002008-02-15T13:34:56.765-08:00Etruscan: 3. Compare and contrast Etruscan attitude toward the afterlife with Egyptian and Greek beliefs. How did these beliefs impact their art and architecture?<br /><br />Roman: 3. How did the Greeks and Etruscans influence Roman architecture?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-3612158549375947243?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-2096524713136547072008-02-15T13:30:00.000-08:002008-02-15T13:32:04.216-08:00Etruscan: 2.Compare and contrast Etruscan and Roman sculpture.<br /><br />Roman: 2. Discuss different forms of illusion found in Roman murals.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-209652471313654707?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-40642300308167709722008-02-15T13:26:00.000-08:002008-02-15T13:30:14.602-08:00Etruscan: 1. Compare and contrast Etruscan wall painting with Minoan, Egyptian and Greek.<br /><br />Roman: 1. What was Greece's impact on Roman sculpture? What forms of Roman sculpture were uniquely Roman?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-4064230030816770972?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-50241576301382321792008-02-08T16:18:00.000-08:002008-02-08T16:22:40.833-08:00So as you have seen. No blog for Week 5. For week 6 everyone who attended class has their blog assignment. For those of you who missed e-mail me and I will give you your blog assignment. todonnell@aii.edu or venicetim@yahoo.com<br /><br />Off you go<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-5024157630138232179?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-65029079353579769112008-01-30T08:55:00.001-08:002008-01-30T08:55:55.996-08:00http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080129/wl_mideast_afp/egyptarchaeology<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-6502907935357976911?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-64886919084528004992008-01-26T20:50:00.000-08:002008-01-26T20:52:12.565-08:00How politically stable was the Mesopotamian region and how did this impact the arts of the region?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-6488691908452800499?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-84711747660170435022008-01-26T20:48:00.002-08:002008-01-26T20:50:14.911-08:00Compare the sculpture of Tell Asmar with the sculpture of Egypt.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-8471174766017043502?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-68392158904250405902008-01-26T20:48:00.001-08:002008-01-26T20:48:48.239-08:00Describe the conventions of Sumerian art.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-6839215890425040590?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-42231185062706792602008-01-26T20:46:00.000-08:002008-01-26T20:48:01.549-08:00Describe the differences between a ziggurat and a pyramid.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-4223118506270679260?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-19879780427541666952008-01-26T20:44:00.000-08:002008-01-26T20:46:42.073-08:00Describe the visual characteristics of Assyrian art.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-1987978042754166695?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-84753493833110682952008-01-26T20:36:00.000-08:002008-01-26T20:39:06.277-08:00MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.<br /><br />1) What material was used to make the Ishtar Gate?<br />A) Wood<br />B) Glazed bricks<br />C) Cut stone<br />D) Metal panels<br />E) Adobe<br /><br />2) The Sumerians built primarily of wood and what other material?<br />A) Granite<br />B) Diorite stone<br />C) Mud brick<br />D) Tufa<br />E) Marble<br /><br />3) What is the main room of a Sumerian temple called?<br />A) Audience hall<br />B) Hypostyle hall<br />C) Atrium<br />D) Cella<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />4) Who wrote one of the very first codes of law?<br />A) Darius I<br />B) Hammurabi<br />C) Gudea<br />D) Xerxes<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />5) The statues from Abu Temple at Tell Asmar ________.<br />A) were made of terra-cotta<br />B) cubic forms were dominant<br />C) were carved of stone<br />D) have no eyes<br />E) were carved wood<br /><br />6) The “bent-axis approach” was typical of which type of structure?<br />A) Greek temples<br />B) Sumerian ziggurats<br />C) Persian temples<br />D) Persian palaces<br />E) Egyptian pyramids<br /><br />7) The stela depicting the Law Code of Hammurabi comes from which culture?<br />A) Sumerian<br />B) Babylonian<br />C) Egyptian<br />D) Assyrian<br />E) None of the above<br /><br />8) Darius I and Xerxes are two of the most important figures of which culture?<br />A) Assyrian<br />B) Egyptian<br />C) Greek<br />D) Achaemenidian<br />E) Sumerian<br /><br />9) What was the most important form of architecture for the Persians?<br />A) Fortresses<br />B) Palaces<br />C) Mastabas<br />D) Temples<br />E) Tombs<br /><br />10) Who looted and burned the palace in Persepolis?<br />A) Imhotep<br />B) Xerxes<br />C) Alexander<br />D) Darius I<br />E) Ramses II<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-8475349383311068295?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-77185791666486432282008-01-19T15:31:00.002-08:002008-01-19T15:33:22.535-08:00In what ways did Egyptian religious beliefs impact Egyptian art?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-7718579166648643228?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-8682549899018736712008-01-19T15:31:00.001-08:002008-01-19T15:31:55.071-08:00How and why did the art style change under the rule of Akhennaten?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-868254989901873671?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-35768133653054871782008-01-19T15:28:00.000-08:002008-01-19T15:30:35.336-08:00Examine the statue of King Menkaure and his Queen Khamerernebty. How does it reflect the characteristics of Egyptian sculpture? What is the function of a ka statue?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-3576813365305487178?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-73944677581154112252008-01-19T15:25:00.000-08:002008-01-19T15:28:02.420-08:00Examine Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt. Discuss Egyptian conventions of depicting people in paintings and relief sculptures. Include in your discussion the different angles of poses, the different handlings of Egyptians versus foreigners, and the significance of differences in scale.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-7394467758115411225?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-14717616124070407992008-01-19T15:22:00.000-08:002008-01-19T15:24:31.843-08:00Interpret the meaning of the Palette of King Narmer. Explain the different ways in which its message is conveyed.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-1471761612407040799?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-4729470530420314592008-01-12T09:15:00.000-08:002008-01-12T09:17:08.273-08:00How was Stonehenge constructed? What are speculations about its possible function?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-472947053042031459?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-20040367598277749392008-01-12T09:13:00.000-08:002008-01-12T09:15:47.160-08:00Describe the techniques used by Paleolithic cave dwellers to create paintings on the interior walls of caves. What observations may be made about composition and design?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-2004036759827774939?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-86478372968969229452008-01-12T09:10:00.000-08:002008-01-12T09:11:51.429-08:00What developments mark the change from Old Stone Age to New Stone Age? How did this impact the development of architecture?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-8647837296896922945?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-4591811955538634442008-01-12T09:09:00.000-08:002008-01-12T09:13:13.824-08:00What concerns does the Venus of Willendorf reflect?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-459181195553863444?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-48816092656369010772008-01-12T09:03:00.000-08:002008-01-12T09:13:47.183-08:00What was depicted on Paleolithic cave walls? What purpose did these depictions serve?<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-4881609265636901077?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-11214559791642307292007-12-10T10:54:00.000-08:002007-12-10T10:55:00.422-08:00Objectives Romanesque Art<br />During the eleventh century, a growing spirit of religious enthusiasm resulted in increased pilgrimage traffic, and the crusades to liberate the Holy Land. Large churches were constructed to house relics and accommodate visitors who sought the spiritual benefits of pilgrimage. The Mediterranean trade routes were reopened and new towns sprang up. Slowly, as architects experimented with stone vaulting and new floor plans, regional variations of the pilgrimage church appeared. Large-scale sculpture revived and Romanesque painting continued the pictorial tradition found in manuscript illumination and mosaics.<br />After researching the Romanesque period of art, you should be able to:<br />· Identify the characteristics of the pilgrimage church.<br />· Define the importance of the ribbed groin vault and pointed arch.<br />· Trace the reappearance of large scale sculpture along the pilgrimage routes.<br />· Describe the development of painting and manuscript illumination.<br />· Romanesque architecture developed, with regional variations, throughout western Europe almost simultaneously; it was tied to the religious zeal which followed the turn of the millennium.<br />· Romanesque Europe, c.1050-1200, witnessed a growth of trade and urbanization.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Architecture<br />· In France, "pilgrimage type" churches included a nave, side aisles, transept and apse with radiating chapels. An ambulatory within the apse connected the inner aisles. Vaults are used with interior bay articulations. The interior spatial design of these churches is "readable" from the exterior.<br />· Pointed arches, derived from Islamic architecture, gave new aesthetic and structural possibilities to Romanesque churches.<br />· "Hall churches," without reinforcing arches, offered a continuous surface for interior murals.<br />· Innovations in Norman churches include a re-defined westwork and a novel interior vault articulation.<br />· The cathedral complex at Pisa, Italy, including the Leaning Tower, reflects the "classical heritage" of the Tuscan Romanesque style.<br /><br />Sculpture<br />· The revival of monumental stone sculpture during the Romanesque period centered around the entrances to churches. The purpose of this sculpture was to appeal to the lay worshiper.Romanesque sculpture witnessed the use of distinct artistic personalities, such as Giselbertus, Wilgelmo and Antelami.<br />· Figurative Romanesque sculpture included a range of styles from a more "Roman" flavor to an intense, nervous linearity which reflects the manuscript and metalwork traditions.<br /><br /><br /><br />Painting and Metalwork<br />· The traditions of painting and metalwork during the Romanesque period continued the stylistic energies of Carolingian and Ottonian painting.<br />· The Carmina Burana expresses a secular interest in nature; this is different from the more usual religious orientation of manuscripts.<br /><br />Key Terms/Names<br />ambulatory<br />jamb figure<br />apse<br />lintel<br />apsidal chapel<br />nave<br />archivolt<br />pier<br />bay<br />pilgrimage choir<br />buttress<br />pilgrimage type church<br />clerestory<br />rib vault<br />compound pier<br />side aisle<br />gallery<br />transverse arch<br />groin vault<br />triforium<br />hall church<br />tympanum<br />jamb<br />column<br /><br />Discussion Points<br />· What was the purpose of Romanesque tympanum sculpture?<br />· How do the sculptures of Benedetto Antelami respond to the Classical tradition?<br />· What regional variations are prevalent in the Romanesque Church architecture of Lombardy, Germany and the Low Countries, and Tuscany?<br />· Discuss the role of women as patrons of art and as artists during the late Middle Ages.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/romanesque_arch.html">http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/romanesque_arch.html</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.efn.org/~russelln/art.html">http://www.efn.org/~russelln/art.html</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/medny/cloister1.html">http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/medny/cloister1.html</a><br /><br /><a href="http://titan.iwu.edu/~callahan/autun-nef-e.html">http://titan.iwu.edu/~callahan/autun-nef-e.html</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.trabel.com/tournai/tournai-cathedral.htm">http://www.trabel.com/tournai/tournai-cathedral.htm</a><br /><br /><a href="http://panograph.free.fr/BayeuxTapestry.html">http://panograph.free.fr/BayeuxTapestry.html</a><br /><br /><a href="http://toisondor.byu.edu/dscriptorium/dscriptorium.html">http://toisondor.byu.edu/dscriptorium/dscriptorium.html</a><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-1121455979164230729?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-14237191501222942932007-12-10T10:52:00.000-08:002007-12-10T10:53:26.727-08:00Etruscan art - Before the days of <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/An.html#anchor1158035">ancient</a> <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/r/roman.html">Rome</a>'s greatness, Italy was the home of a nation called Etruria, whose people we call the Etruscans. Its civilization prospered between 950 and 300 BCE. in northwestern Italy — in a region between the Arno River (which runs through Pisa and Florence) and the Tiber (which runs through Rome). These people rose to prosperity and power, then disappeared, leaving behind many unanswered questions concerning their origin and their <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/c/culture.html">culture</a>. Because little Etruscan literature remains and the language of <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/In.html#anchor4980622">inscriptions</a> on their <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/m/monument.html">monuments</a> has been only partially deciphered, scholars have gained most of their <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/K.html#anchor4085622">knowledge</a> of the Etruscans from studying the remains of their buildings, monuments, vast tombs, and the <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/O.html#anchor9714039">objects</a> they left behind, notably <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/b/bronze.html">bronze</a> and <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/t/terracotta.html">terra cotta</a> sculptures and <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/Pm.html#anchor1112158">polychrome</a> ceramics.<br />Among theories about the Etruscans' origins are the possibilities that they migrated from <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/g/greek.html">Greece</a>, or from somewhere beyond Greece. Perhaps they traveled down from the Alps. Or, as their pre-Indo-European language might suggest, they may have been a people indiginous to today's Tuscany who suddenly acquired the tools for rapid development. The uncertainty is held unresolved.<br />Theirs was an area of good farmland, forests and mineral resources, all of which the Etruscans exploited skillfully. In time, they became traders, their mariners often doubling up as pirates. And as wealth grew, a social pecking order followed, with a powerful aristocracy living in stone palaces and their serfs occupying wooden huts.<br />Theirs was not, however, a centralized society dominated by a single leader or a single imperial city. Rather, towns and hill-top villages (many of which survive to this day, albeit with few traces of their Etruscan origins) appear to have enjoyed considerable autonomy. But they spoke the same language, which also existed in a written form. Further, their religious rituals, military practices and social customs were largely similar. For their Greek contemporaries and Roman successors, the Etruscans were clearly a different ethnic group.<br />Cremation and the burial of ashes in clay urns was a common practice in this area before the advent of the Etruscan era. Among the objects we have that tell us much about the Etruscans are their cinerary urns.<br /><br />Roman Art- The Romans were a practical people: in their original works, observation was key; portrait sculptures (or at least, the heads of) are often meticulously detailed and unidealized. Portraits of Roman emperors, however, were often used for propagandistic purposes and included ideological messages in the pose, accouterments, or costume of the figure. The Romans also depicted warriors and heroic adventures, in the spirit of the Greeks who came before them. While Greek sculptors traditionally illustrated military exploits through the use of mythological allegory, the Romans used a more documentary mode. Roman reliefs of battle scenes like those on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_of_Trajan">Column of Trajan</a> are useful for the first-hand representation of military costumes, etc. Another major contribution of Roman art is the use of concrete in architecture. Buildings like the Flavian Amphitheater (or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum">Colosseum</a>) could never have been constructed with previous architectural means.<br />While the traditional view of Roman artists is that they often borrowed from, copied, or even outright stole Greek precedents (much of the Greek sculpture we know of today is in the form of Roman marble copies), more recent analysis as indicated that Roman art is a highly creative pastiche of Greek, Etruscan, native Italic, and even Egyptian visual culture. Stylistic eclecticism is the hallmark of much of Roman art.<br /><br /><br /><br />Greek orders<br />There are two distinct orders in ancient Greek architecture: Doric and Ionic. These two were adopted by the Romans, as was the Corinthian order. The Corinthian capital, however, was modified by the Romans. The adaptation of the Greek orders took place in the first century BC. The three ancient Greek orders have since been consistently used in neo-classical Western architecture.<br />Sometimes the Doric order is considered the earlier order, but there is no evidence to support this. Rather, the orders seem to have appeared at around the same time, the Ionic order in eastern Greece and the Doric order in the west and mainland.<br />Both the Doric and the Ionic order appear to have originated in wood. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Hera_%28Olympia%29">Temple of Hera</a> in Olympia is the oldest well-preserved temple of Doric architecture. It was built just after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600_BC">600 BC</a>. The Doric order later spread across Greece and into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily">Sicily</a> where it was the chief order for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monumental_architecture&amp;action=edit">monumental architecture</a> for 800 years.<br /><br />[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classical_order&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4">edit</a>]<br />Doric order<br />Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_order">Doric order</a>.<br /><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:DoricParthenon.jpg"></a><br />The Doric order of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon">Parthenon</a><br />The Doric order originated on the mainland and western <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece">Greece</a>. It is the simplest of the orders, characterized by short, faceted, heavy columns with plain, round <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_%28architecture%29">capitals</a> (tops) and no base. With only four to eight diameters in height, the columns are the most squat of all orders. The shaft of the Doric order is channeled with 20 flutes. The capital consists of a necking which is of a simple form. The echinus is convex and the abacus is square.<br />Above the capital is a square <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus_%28architecture%29">abacus</a> connecting the capital to the entablature. The Entablature is divided into two horizontal registers, the lower part of which is either smooth or divided by horizontal lines. The upper half is distinctive for the Doric order. The frieze of the Doric entablature is divided into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyph">triglyphs</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metope_%28architecture%29">metopes</a>. A triglyph is a unit consisting of three vertical bands which are separated by grooves. Metopes are plain or carved reliefs.<br />The Greek forms of the Doric order come without an individual base. They instead are placed directly on the stylobate. Later forms, however, came with the conventional base consisting of a plinth and a torus. The Roman versions of the Doric order have smaller proportions. As a result they appear lighter than the Greek orders.<br /><br />[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classical_order&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5">edit</a>]<br />Ionic order<br />Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order">Ionic order</a>.<br /><br />The Ionic order came from eastern Greece, where its origins are entwined with the similar but little known <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolic_order">Aeolic order</a>. It is distinguished by slender, fluted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column">pillars</a> with a large base and two opposed volutes (also called scrolls) in the echinus of the capital. The echinus itself is decorated with an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg-and-dart">egg-and-dart</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_%28visual_arts%29">motif</a>. The Ionic shaft comes with four more flutes than the Doric counterpart (totalling 24). The Ionic base has two convex moldings called tori which are separated by a scotia.<br />The Ionic order is also marked by an entasis, a curved tapering in the column shaft. A column of the ionic order is nine or lower diameters. The shaft itself is eight diameters high. The architrave of the entablature commonly consists of three stepped bands (fasciae). The frieze comes without the Doric triglyph and metope. The frieze sometimes comes with a continuous ornament such as carved figures. It is also noteworthy to contemplate the use of the compass in the design of this order.<br /><br />[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classical_order&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6">edit</a>]<br />Corinthian order<br />Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_order">Corinthian order</a>.<br />The Corinthian order is the most ornate of the Greek orders, characterized by a slender fluted column having an ornate capital decorated with two rows of acanthus leaves and four scrolls. It is commonly regarded as the most elegant of the five orders.<br />The shaft of the Corinthian order has 24 flutes. The column is commonly ten diameters high.<br />Designed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimachus_%28sculptor%29">Callimachus</a>, a Greek <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture">sculptor</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_century_BC">5th century BC</a>. The oldest known building to be built according to the Corinthian order is the monument of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lysicrates&amp;action=edit">Lysicrates</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens">Athens</a>. It was built in 335 to 334 BC. The Corinthian order was raised to rank by the writings of the Roman writer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> in the 1st century BC.<br /><br />[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classical_order&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7">edit</a>]<br />Roman orders<br />The Romans adapted all the Greek orders and also developed two orders of their own, basically modification of Greek orders. The Romans also invented the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superimposed_order&amp;action=edit">superimposed order</a>. A superimposed order is when successive stories of a building have different orders. The heaviest orders were at the bottom, whilst the lightest came at the top. This means that the Doric order was the order of the ground floor, the Ionic order was used for the middle storey, while the Corinthian or the Composite order was used for the top storey.<br />The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossal_order">Colossal order</a> was invented by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture">architects in the Renaissance</a>. The Colossal order is characterized by columns that extend the height of two or more stories.<br /><br />[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classical_order&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8">edit</a>]<br />Tuscan order<br />Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order">Tuscan order</a><br /><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PalladioTuscan.jpg"></a><br />The Tuscan order in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a>, Quattro Libri di Architettura, 1570<br />The Tuscan order has a very plain design, with a plain shaft, and a simple capital, base, and frieze. It is a simplified adaptation of the Doric order by the Romans. The Tuscan order is characterized by an unfluted shaft and a capital that only consist of an echinus and an abacus. In proportions it is similar to the Doric order, but overall it is significantly plainer. The column is normally seven diameters high. Compared to the other orders, the Tuscan order looks the most solid.<br /><br />[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classical_order&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9">edit</a>]<br />Composite order<br />Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order">Composite order</a><br /><br />The Composite order is a mixed order, combining the volutes of the Ionic with the leaves of the Corinthian order. Until the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance">Renaissance</a> it was not ranked as a separate order. Instead it was considered as a late Roman form of the Corinthian order. The column of the Composite order is ten diameters high.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-1423719150122294293?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-24929707748322800332007-12-10T10:49:00.000-08:002007-12-10T10:50:56.423-08:00Egypt and the city-states of Mesopotamia developed contemporaneously, but geography tended to discourage unification of the latter under a single head. The inhabitants of Sumer created a written language, temple architecture, and a sculptural tradition. Thereafter, as one city-state declined another achieved ascendancy resulting in the Babylonian, Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian cultures. The chapter concludes with an investigation of the art of the foreigners known as Persians.<br />After reading this chapter, you should be able to:<br />· Understand the importance of a written language.<br />· Identify the main architectural and sculptural forms of the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Neo-Babylonians.<br />· Identify the animal style.<br />Enumerate the strengths of Persian art.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-2492970774832280033?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-5970218445335444972007-12-10T10:48:00.000-08:002007-12-10T10:49:36.759-08:00Egyptian Image Links from Pharaohs on the Web<br /><br /><a href="http://www.geocities.com/bourbonstreet/5809/picture.html">http://www.geocities.com/bourbonstreet/5809/picture.html</a><br /><br />Home Page Pharaohs on the Web<br /><br /><a href="http://www.geocities.com/bourbonstreet/5809/index.html">http://www.geocities.com/bourbonstreet/5809/index.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />A. The Old Kingdom Information <a href="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/EGYPT/OLD.HTM">http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/EGYPT/OLD.HTM</a><br />1. Hierakonpolis<br />Information about <a href="http://www.hierakonpolis.org/">Hierakonpolis.</a><br />2. Palette of Narmer<br />Image of <a href="http://weber.ucsd.edu/Depts/Anthro/classes/tlevy/Tillah/narmer.html">Palette of King Narmer.</a><br />3. The Third Dynasty<br />a. King Djoser<br /><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/arth/zoser/zoser.html">Funerary floor plan of the step pyramid of King Djoser.</a><br />b. Mastabas<br /><a href="http://saxakali.com/COLOR_ASP/historymaf4.htm">Two images of step pyramid and mastaba.</a><br />4. Fourth Dynasty<br />NOVA site for the <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/">Pyramids at Giza.</a><br />Images of the <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/egypt/explore/sphinx.html">Great Sphinx at Giza.</a><br />5. Portraiture and Images<br />Various images, including <a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/e/egyptian.html">Seated scribe.</a><br />Image of the <a href="http://www.artic.edu/aic/exhibitions/pharaohs_exhib/coll_high/06.html">bust of Vizier Ankh-haf.</a><br />Images of <a href="http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?%7BUPPER%7D%3Av2_free_text_tindex=nebamun&amp;_IXDB_=compass&amp;_IXSPFX_=graphical%2Fsummary%2F&amp;_IXFPFX_=graphical%2Ffull%2F&amp;_IXNOMATCHES_=graphical%2Fno_matches.html&amp;%24+%28with+v2_searchable_index%29+sort=.&amp;_IXsearchterm=nebamun&amp;submit-button=summary">paintings from the Tomb of Nebamun </a>from the British Museum.<br />B. The Middle Kingdom<br />Image of the <a href="http://www.metmuseum.org/collections/view1.asp?dep=10&amp;item=26%2E7%2E1394">face of Senwosret III.</a><br />C. The New Kingdom<br />a. Temple of Hatshepsut<br />Image of the <a href="http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp/org/orion/eng/hst/egypt/elbahari.html">funerary temple of Hatshepsut.</a><br />b. Temple at Luxor<br />Image of <a href="http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/EPI/Luxor_Temple.html">Temple at Luxor.</a><br />Images of the <a href="http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp/org/orion/eng/hst/egypt/luxor.html">Temple complex of Amun-Mut.</a><br />Map of <a href="http://interoz.com/egypt/Map17.htm">Temple at Luxor.</a><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-597021844533544497?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5876800622791511495.post-73596957933385410622007-12-10T10:44:00.000-08:002007-12-10T10:48:00.679-08:00A. The Old Stone Age<br />1. Cave Art<br />a. Chauvet<br /><a href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/chauvet/en/visite.htm">Chauvet: Images.</a><br />b. Altamira &amp; Lascaux<br />Lascaux: Two images of <a href="http://users.hol.gr/~dilos/prehis/prerm4.htm">horse and deer.</a><br /><a href="http://www.humanities-interactive.org/ancient/iceage/ex038_07b.html">Standing Bison image of Altamira.</a> and a detailed description of the cave.<br />University of Pennsylvania site on the discovery of <a href="http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/altamira-caves.html">Altamira </a>, text only.<br />Many images of <a href="http://www.minervatech.u-net.com/archae01.htm">Lascaux.</a><br />2. Carved and Painted Objects<br /><a href="http://www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzpale.htm">http://www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzpale.htm</a><br />Horse at Vogelherd cave<br /><a href="http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/willendorf_venus.jpg">http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/willendorf_venus.jpg</a><br />-Venus of Willendorf-carved limestone, c. 30,000-15,000 BC. Because of the importance of fertility, (infant mortality rates were high making it a necessity to have many children for survival) probably a fertility symbol. Done in the round versus in relief.<br />Image of the <a href="http://vm.kemsu.ru/en/palaeolith/plastic/shaffo.html">reindeer bone.</a><br />B. The New Stone Age<br />a. Jericho<br /><a href="http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/jericho_skull.jpg">http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/jericho_skull.jpg</a><br />The Ancient Near East in the Neolithic Era (c. 7000-4500/4000 BC)<br />-transition from a hunter/gatherer society to an agrarian society.<br />Jericho
-Oldest known city-8500-7500 BC. Jericho skulls had replications of the deceased sculpted onto the skull. Ancestor-worship. residents of Jericho buried dead family members under floor of household.<br />b. Catal Huyuk<br />Article on <a href="http://www.telesterion.com/catal1.htm">Catal Huyuk.</a><br />C. Neolithic Europe<br /><a href="http://www.netaxs.com/~tdo/trypil.html">http://www.netaxs.com/~tdo/trypil.html</a><br /><a href="http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/chariots/StrettwegDescription.html">http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/chariots/StrettwegDescription.html</a><br /><a href="http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~cmw/1995/Basse-Yutz.htmla">http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~cmw/1995/Basse-Yutz.htmla</a><br /><a href="http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/britain/archbr/graphics/dolmen.html">http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/britain/archbr/graphics/dolmen.html</a><br />Dolmens and cromlechs<br /> <a href="http://exn.ca/mysticplaces/Stonehenge.asp">http://exn.ca/mysticplaces/Stonehenge.asp</a><br /><a href="http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/aburnham/eng/">http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/aburnham/eng/</a><br /><a href="http://web.infinito.it/utenti/m/malta_mega_temples/indxfram.html">http://web.infinito.it/utenti/m/malta_mega_temples/indxfram.html</a><br />Images from <a href="http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/rapanui.html">Easter Island.</a><br /><a href="http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/petro.html">Petroglyphs of Easter Island.</a><br />D. Neolithic America<br /><a href="http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/ancestors/woodland.html">http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/ancestors/woodland.html</a><br /><a href="http://greatserpentmound.com/">http://greatserpentmound.com/</a><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5876800622791511495-7359695793338541062?l=ha1125winter2008.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>sundownsenseihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10601468343658190487noreply@blogger.com0